What to Do Before, During, and After a Flash Flood

Flash floods, characterized by their sudden and intense nature, can pose a formidable threat to communities around the world. These floods, often triggered by heavy rainfall, storms, or rapid snowmelt, can swiftly transform normally calm waterways into raging torrents, catching both individuals and entire communities off guard if not adequately warned or prepared. A flood is considered a flash flood when it occurs within six hours, and more frequently within three hours, of the inciting weather conditions or other triggering factors. Unlike slower, more predictable flooding events, flash floods demand a heightened level of preparedness due to their rapid onset and swift escalation.

Having an emergency preparedness plan in the face of a flash flood is extremely important. Whether you live in flood-prone regions or areas with historically low risks, communities should have the knowledge and resources necessary to respond swiftly and effectively to flash floods or other natural disasters. The difference between safety and vulnerability during a flash flood often hinges on the proactive steps taken before an event occurs due to the need for quick action during a flash flood event.

BEFORE A FLASH FLOOD

Effective preparedness begins with staying informed about potential flash flood risks in your area. By recognizing the patterns and severity of past flash flood events around you, you can better assess your own vulnerability. Monitoring weather forecasts from reliable sources provides crucial insights into changing meteorological conditions. Regularly check for updates on rainfall patterns, storm predictions, and flood advisories. Utilizing advanced weather apps and alerts or personal weather stations can enhance your ability to receive timely and accurate information. These apps often offer real-time alerts and notifications, ensuring that you stay ahead of developing weather situations and gain critical time to prepare. 

Assembling a comprehensive emergency kit tailored for flash flood scenarios is crucial to being prepared. Your kit should include essentials that sustain you and your family during and after a flash flood. Consider including items such as non-perishable food, water, first aid supplies, flashlights, batteries, important documents, and any necessary medications. Regularly review and update your kit to ensure its relevance to your current circumstances. Preparedness is not a one-time effort but an ongoing commitment to ensuring the safety and well-being of your loved ones.

DEVELOP AN EMERGENCY PLAN

The foundation of an effective emergency preparedness plan lies in establishing a clear family communication plan. Give roles and responsibilities to each family member, ensuring everyone knows how to stay in touch during a flash flood event. Designate a primary contact person outside the immediate area who can act as a central point for communication, like a family member or friend living in a different city or state. This helps in case local communication lines are disrupted. Additionally, identify meeting points both within and outside your neighborhood where everyone can reunite if separated during an evacuation.

Knowing your evacuation routes is crucial for a swift and organized response to a flash flood. Identify both primary and secondary evacuation routes from your home to higher ground or designated emergency shelters. Consider the specific needs of your household, including pets or anyone with special requirements. Plan for transportation alternatives if the primary routes are impassable. 

DURING A FLASH FLOOD

Know Evacuation Procedures

When faced with flash flood warnings or evacuation orders, immediate and decisive actions are crucial. Pay attention to official announcements and follow any evacuation orders promptly. Ensure that everyone in your household is informed and ready to act, especially if already under a flash flood watch or warning.

• Collect your emergency kit and head to higher ground or designated evacuation centers as directed.
• If instructed to evacuate, leave flood-prone areas without delay, as swift action can mean the difference between safety and vulnerability.

Sheltering in Place

In some instances, evacuating may not be feasible. In such cases, prioritize safety measures for those unable to leave flood-prone areas.

• Stay indoors on the highest level of your home, away from windows and doors.
• Secure valuable possessions and important documents in waterproof containers.
• Monitor weather updates and be prepared to move to higher floors if water levels rise.
• Follow local emergency services' guidance and be vigilant for any signs of danger.

Avoiding Flooded Areas

Driving or walking through floodwaters is extremely hazardous and should be avoided at all costs. Even shallow-looking water can conceal powerful currents and hidden obstacles. Stop and go another way if you encounter water higher than ankle deep or swiftly rising water.

• Vehicles can be swept away in a matter of seconds and by less than two feet of moving water.
• If evacuation is not possible and sheltering in place is not safe, find the highest ground nearby and wait for assistance.
• Prioritize your safety and the safety of those around you by avoiding flooded areas and staying on elevated terrain.
• Exercise extra caution at night when flood hazards may be more challenging to identify due to reduced visibility.

AFTER A FLASH FLOOD 

Once the immediate threat of a flash flood event has passed, it's essential to approach the return home cautiously. Always wait for official clearance from local authorities before reentering the affected area, as it may be unsafe due to damage and debris from the flood. Emergency services will assess the safety of the environment and provide guidance on when it is safe to return. Once cleared, take the time to inspect the exterior of your home for any visible damage. Check for signs of structural issues or compromised stability before considering entry.

After a flash flood, be extra mindful of your health and safety due to potential hazards that may arise. Floodwaters are known to carry contaminants, pose risks of waterborne diseases, and are often difficult to navigate or know of potential dangers underneath the murky water. In addition to waterborne threats, exercise caution around potential hazards such as downed power lines, unstable structures, and displaced wildlife. Seek prompt medical attention for any injuries or illnesses, no matter how minor, as early care can prevent complications.

In the aftermath of a flash flood, consider the following health and safety measures:

• Hire a qualified electrician to assess damage to electrical systems, and never touch electrical equipment while still et or standing in water. Avoid downed power lines or other loose electrical wires and equipment.
• Check septic tanks, wells, and other home utility systems for damage or potential health hazards.
• Document any damage to your home through photos or video evidence for insurance purposes.

CONTINUED PREPAREDNESS 

Regularly check your emergency kit and update items and necessary and consider running a “flash flood drill” with your family or neighbors. Keeping your emergency kit current to any changes in your family can ensure that you’re ready to take care of everyone if the time comes that you have to use it. Additionally, simulating emergency scenarios allows everyone involved to familiarize themselves with evacuation procedures, the use of emergency supplies, and communication protocols. These drills enhance overall readiness, fostering a sense of collective responsibility and coordination within the community. By routinely reviewing and practicing emergency plans, individuals and communities can adapt to evolving circumstances and ensure a more effective response during a flash flood.